Kinematic and Torque-related Effects of Dorsally Angulated Distal Radius Fractureson the Druj

Materials and Methods Nine normal human cadaveric forearm specimens were dissected, leaving the soft tissue of the wrist, elbow, and IOM intact. PQ, PT, FCR, Supinator, Biceps, ECRL and ECRB tendons were prepared and loaded. Unloaded and resistive muscle loading conditions were simulated throughout a complete pronation-supination motion on a custom forearm simulator (Fig. 1) . A torque cell was used to measure the torque required to create and resist motion of the DRUJ. Data was collected in the intact state, and after increasing degrees of distal radial fracture realignment: 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° dorsal tilt. The malunion model was stabilized via fixators (Fig. 2). After measurements of torque with TFCC intact, the TFCC was sectioned and the distal radius angulation sequence was repeated. Dynamic data were normalized for each specimen’s full range of motion and compared at 80% and 100% of the motion in each direction. Data were compared using a one factor ANOVA with a post-hoc Tukey test.